第二十章

陈牧:寡人闻,秦穆公其国小处僻而霸,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,其国虽小,而其志大;处虽僻,而其政中。其举果,其谋和,其令不偷,亲举五羖大夫于系缧之中,与之语,三日而授之政。以此取之,虽王可也,何况霸哉。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,Previously,theterritoryoftheQinKingdomwasverysMall,Butintheend,itbegantodominate,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,ItsterritoryissMall,butitsambitionsaregreat,Itslocationisnotgood,Butitspoliticsareclear,TheStateofQinwasverydecisiveinimplementingitspolicies,Itsstrategycanbeimplemented,Itsofficialsdidtheirbesttocarryoutthedecrees,AftertheKingofQinselectedtalents,hewouldimmediatelyappointthem,Throughthis,KingQincanconquertheworld,letalonehegemony。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人闻,钟子期死,伯牙破琴绝弦,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,其终身不复鼓琴,以为世无足为鼓琴者,非独鼓琴若此也,贤者亦然。虽有贤者,而无以接之,贤者奚由尽忠哉!骥不自至千里者,待伯乐而后至也。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,WhenZhongdied,Boyadestroyedhispianoanddecidednottoplayitagain,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,Hedecidednottoplaythepianoagainfortherestofhislife,Becausenoonedeserveshimtoplaythepiano,Theyareconfidants,Thesamegoesfortalent,Yougettalent,Ifyoutreatthemnotaccordingtoetiquette,Thenyouwillnotgaintheirloyalty,Horsesdonotgallop,Becausetheyarewaitingfortherealowner。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人愿闻,圣王何以治天下?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,圣王之所以治天下者有五,贵德,贵贵,贵老,敬长,慈幼。此五者,圣王之所以定天下也,所谓贵德,为其近于圣也。所谓贵贵,为其近于君也。所谓贵老,为其近于亲也。所谓敬长,为其近于兄也。所谓慈幼,为其近于弟也。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iwanttoknow,HowtheHolyKinggovernsthecountry?Sirtaughtme。xiaofan:Ithink,TheHolyKingrulestheworld,Theyfollowedfivepoints,Respectethicalpeople,Respectforprestigiouspeople,Respecttheelderly,Respectelders,Loveandcareforchildren,TheHolyKingcanstabilizetheworld,Itdependsonthesepoints,Whyrespectethicalpeople?Becausetheyareclosetothesaints,Whyrespectprestigiouspeople?Becausetheyareclosetokings,Whyrespecttheelderly,Becausetheyareclosetotheirlovedones,Whyrespectelders,Becausetheyareclosetotheirfamilies,Whylovechildren,Becausetheyareclosetobrothers。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人闻,治国之本,在于务农,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,一日不再食则饥,岁终不制衣则寒,故以务农立国,以足食为政,古今之通理也,天生圣人为天下主,凡一毫便于农者,必极力行之。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,Agricultureisthefoundationofthecountry,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthepersondoesnoteatforaday,theywillbehungry,Ifthepersondoesnotwearclothes,theygetcold,Therefore,agricultureisthefoundationofthecountry,Thefirstthingtogovernistogetpeopletohaveenoughfood,Thishasbeendonesinceancienttimes,Thedutyoftheholykingistonurturethepeople,Aslongasitisbeneficialtothepeople,hewilldohisbesttodoit。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人闻,小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,凡听讼理狱,必原父子之亲,立君臣之义,权轻重之序,测浅深之量。悉其聪明,致其忠爱,疑则与众共之。疑则从轻者,所以重之也,复加之以三讯,众所善,然后断之。是以为法,参之人情,故舜命咎繇曰,汝作士,惟刑之恤。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,Noteverycourtcasecanbeheard,However,youmustinsistonfairnessandjusticeinthecaseforwhichyouareresponsible,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,Whenyoureviewacase,Youmustconsidertherelationshipbetweenthecharacters,theimportancelevel,theorderinwhichtheyappear,Youhavetouseyourtalentstohandlethis,Youshouldbefairandjustandhumane,Ifyoucannotmakeadecision,thenyoudiscussitwithotherpeople,Ifyouhavedoubts,thenyoufirstsetalightpunishment,Thisisprudenceinthelaw,Then,youreviewthecaseafewmoretimes,Aftereveryoneagrees,youmakeadecision,Thetruemeaningofthelawisfairness,justiceandhuman。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人欲起两仪殿,为慰中宫,可乎?先生以为如何?萧凡:臣以为,天生民而树之君,使司牧之,非以兆民之命,穷一人之欲也。唐氏失德,大晋受之,苍生引领,庶几息肩。是以太祖高皇帝身衣大布,居无重茵,后妃不衣锦绮,乘舆马不食粟,爱民故也。大王践阼以来,已作殿观十馀所,加之军旅数兴,馈运不息,饥馑、疾疫,死亡相继,而益思营缮,岂为民父母之意乎!今楚王雄霸于南方,蜀王倔强于巴蜀,石氏败类奄有辽东,大王释此不忧,乃更为中宫作殿,岂目前之所急乎!陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。chenmu:Iwanttobuildanewpalaceformymother,Sir,whatdoyouthink?xiaofan:Ithink,Thedutyofakingistonurturethepeople,Insteadofoverusinglabortosatisfydesires,TheTangDynastylosttheworld,andtheJinDynastyinheritedit,Itguidesandstabilizestheworld,Therefore,yourfatherwasthriftyandsimpleinlife,Becauseyourfatherlovedthepeople,Sinceyoubecameking,youhavebuiltmanypalaces,However,thewarneverended,Thepeoplearestillincoldandhunger,Whatyoudocannotbeexplainedtotheworld,Besides,thekingofChudominatesthesouth,AndthekingofShudidnotsubmittoyou,Youdidnotexpressconcernaboutthis,Youarebusybuildingpalaces,Thisisnotyourfirstpriority。chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。陈牧:范隆比寡人于桀纣,吾欲杀之,可乎?先生以为如何?萧凡:臣以为,范隆为先帝所知,受命之初,即引置门下,尽忠竭虑,知无不言。臣等窃禄偷安,每见之未尝不发愧。今所言虽狂直,愿大王容之。因谏诤而斩列卿,其如后世何!臣窃以为不妥。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。chenmu:VanLongregardedmeasthekingofthedeadcountry,therefore,Iwantedtokillhim,Sir,whatdoyouthink?xiaofan:Ithink,VanLongissomeoneyourfathervaluesverymuch,Yourfatherappointedhimasthefirstauxiliaryminister,Andhedoeshisbesttoworkforyourfamily,Assoonashefindsaproblem,hewilldefinitelyraiseit,Wearelazyandtimidcomparedtohim,Weareveryashamedofthat,Thequestionsheposedwerepointed,ButIhopeyouwilltoleratehim,Becausesomeonegivesyouanopinion,youwillkillhim,Thenyouwillnotbeabletosetanexampleforfuturegenerations,Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis。chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。陈牧:寡人愿闻,孝子何以事亲?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,孝子之事亲,居则致其敬,养则致其乐,病则致其忧,丧则致其哀,祭则致其严,五者备矣,然后能事亲。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iwanttoknow,Howasonisfilialtohisparents?Sirtaughtme。xiaofan:Ithink,Heshoulddofivethings,First,respectparents,Second,makeparentshappy,Third,theyhavetoexpressconcernwhenparentsaresick,Fourth,theyexpresstheirgriefwhenparentsdie,Fifth,whensacrificingparents,theymustbesolemn。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

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