第十二章

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陈牧:寡人闻,刘邦小人也,其何以取天下?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,盖能用人耳,运筹帷幄,决胜千里,其任张良,填国家抚百姓给饷馈,不绝粮道,其任萧何,连百万之众,战必胜攻必取,其任韩信,三者皆人杰也,其能任而用之,坦然无疑,豁达大度,此其所以取天下者也。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,LiuBangisavillain,Whydidhewintheworld?Sirtaughtme。xiaofan:Ithink,Thereasonforhissuccessisthatheisgoodatusingtalent,HeappointedZhangLiangtostudythebattlesituationandformulatestrategies,HeappointedXiaoHetopacifythepeopleandensurelogistics,HeappointedHanXinascommanderofthearmy,inchargeofthecampaign,Theyarealloutstandingtalents,ButLiuBangwasabletoappointthem,Moreover,LiuBangtrustedthemverymuch,Atthesametime,LiuBanghasabroadmind,Thatiswhyhecanwintheworld。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人欲知,治人之道,先生何以教我?萧凡:臣以为,治人之道,谓道之风化,陈示所以也,陈之以德义,而民与行,示之以好恶,而民知禁,日月之明,众下仰之,乾坤之广,万物顺之。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iwanttoknow,Whatisthewaytogovernthepeople,Sirtaughtmehowtodoit?xiaofan:Ithink,Thekeytogoverningthepeopleistoestablisharightsocialorientationandshowtherightvalues,Ifyoupromotemorality,thepeoplewillfollowyou,Youestablishnormativesystems,andthepeoplewillknowwhattodo,Onlybydoingthiswillthepeopleloveyou,Onlybydoingthiswillallthingsinheavenandearthrecognizeyou。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人深疾浮华之士,吾欲革之,先生何以教我?萧凡:臣以为,古者敷奏以言,明试以功,是为考课之法,今考绩之法废,而以毁誉相进退,故真伪浑杂,虚实相蒙也,愿大王复汉唐考试课之法,明试以功,三考黜陟,使州郡考士,必由四科,皆有事效,然后察举,试辟公府,为新民长吏,转以功次补郡守者,或就增秩赐爵,此最考课之急务也。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。chenmu:Ihatepeoplewhoarepompous,Iwanttochangethat,Sirtaughtmehowtodoit?xiaofan:Ithink,Inancienttimes,regularreportingonworkandexaminationofpoliticalachievements,ThatistheassessMentsystem,Now,thesystemhasbeenabandoned,Instead,talentisselectedbasedonprestige,Therefore,itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealandfaketalent,Therefore,IhopeyouwillreplytotheassessMentsystemoftheHanandTangDynasties,Basedonthreeyearsofperformance,youadjusttheofficials,Setupexamsubjectsforthefirstselection,Thenassigntaskstothemandobservetheresults,Recommendpeoplewithexcellentpoliticalperformancetothegovernment,Theyareappointedaslocalcivilservants,Then,theyarepromotedorpaidhigherbasedonperformance,Suchasystemneedstobeestablishedassoonaspossible。chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人闻,衮职有缺,仲山甫补之,正谏者也,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,国之将兴,贵在谏臣,家之将盛,贵在谏子,唯正谏直谏,可以补缺也,《易》日,王臣愕愕,直谏者也。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,TheHolyKingmadeamistake,ThePrimeMinisterwillcorrecthim,Suchapersonistheministerwhoadvises,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,Thekeytothestrengthofthecountryliesintheministerswhoadvise,Thekeytotheprosperityofthefamilyliesinthechildrenmakingtherightadvice,Thereareministerswhomaketherightrecommendations,Thekingwillavoidmakingmistakes,BecausetheydaredtomaketherightadvicetotheHolyKing,Theyarethewealthofthenation。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:寡人闻,廊庙之材,非一木之枝,帝王之业,非一士之略,何也?先生教我。萧凡:臣以为,君为元首,臣作股肱,一体相须而成也,治身之道,务在养神,治国之道,务在举贤,是以养神求生,举贤求安,故国之有辅,如屋之有柱,柱不可细,辅不可弱,柱细则害,辅弱则倾,君欲求安可得乎?陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。chenmu:Iheard,Thewoodofthepalacehasmanyrootstosupport,Thecauseofakingalsoneedsalotoftalenttosupport,Sirtaughtmewhy?xiaofan:Ithink,Thekingistheheadofthebody,Ministersarethelimbsofthebody,Theyareallone,Thekeytowellnessistonourishthespirit,Thekeytogoverningacountryistheselectionoftalent,Nourishingthespiritisforhealth,Talentisselectedforthestabilityofthecountry,Therefore,thestatehasauxiliaryministersasahousehaspillars,Thepillarsshouldnotbetoothin,Auxiliaryministerscannotbewithouttalent,Otherwise,thehousewillcollapseandthecountrywilldecline,Itisimpossibleforakingtoachievestability。chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧:近来,朝臣皆言太原公,天资英伟,甚有人君之相,寡人亦以为然,先生以为如何?萧凡:臣以为,有国有家者,必明嫡庶之端,异尊卑之礼,使高下有差,等级逾邈;如此,则骨肉之恩全,觊觎之望绝。昔贾谊陈治安之计,论诸侯之势,以为势重虽亲,必有逆节之累,势轻虽疏,必有保全之祚,世子正统,宜有盘石之固;太原公藩臣也,当使宠佚有差,彼此得所,上下获安之道也,今臣所陈,非有所偏,诚欲以安世子而便太原公也,汉、唐故事尚在前也,大王安可不察?陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。chenmu:Recently,theministershavesaidthattheDukeofTaiyuanisverywiseandpowerful,AndtheysaythattheDukeofTaiyuanhasthequalificationsofaking,Ithinksotoo,Sir,whatdoyouthink?xiaofan:Ithink,Inthestateandthefamily,itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthestatusoftheeldestsonandtheothersons,Onlybydistinguishingtheirrankandstatuscantheyprotectthemselves,Atthesametime,italsopreventsotherprincesfromcoveting,Previously,JiaYihadtalkedaboutthestabilityofthecountryandtheproblemsofprinces,Iftheprincesaretoopowerful,thenthereisariskofrebellion,Iftheprincesareweak,itiseasytosurvive,Thecrownprinceisthefutureking,Hispositionandpowershouldbeconsolidated,TheDukeofTaiyuanwillbeaprinceinthefuture,Therefore,youcannottreathimmorethanthecrownprince,Onlythencanyouprotectthemfromdisaster,WhatIsaytodaydoesnotfavoranyone,Ijustwanttoprotectthemfromfighting,ThecaseoftheHanandTangdynastiesisathand,Youhavetobevigilant。chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧:今日大宴群臣,寡人甚乐,吾欲使燕王献舞,以助雅兴,可乎?先生以为如何?萧凡:臣以为不可,君若无礼,无以使下;下若无礼,无以事上。夫人之所以贵于禽兽者,以有礼也。臣又闻之,人君无礼,无以临其一邦,大夫无礼,官吏不恭,父子无礼,其家必凶,且燕王亦一时之杰,朝中多有其故人,今若凌辱至甚,则伤臣子之心。陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。chenmu:Today,Iamholdingabanquetwithministers,Ihadagreattime,Therefore,IwantKingYantodoadance,Sir,whatdoyouthink?xiaofan:Idon'tthinkso,Ifthekingisrudetoothers,Thentheministerswillnotworkforyou,Iftheministerisrudetoothers,Thentheywillnotrespectthekingeither,Etiquetteisthedifferencebetweenmanandanimal,Ifthekinghasnoetiquette,Thenhecannotcontrolacountry,Iftheministerdoesnothaveetiquette,Thencivilservantswillnotrespectthem,Thereisnoetiquetteinthefamily,Thenthehomewillbeindanger,Besides,KingYanwasonceahero,Therearemanyofhissubordinatesinthegovernment,IfyouinsultKingYansomuch,Thenitwillmakethemsad。chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

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